相信许多留学生对数学代考都不陌生,国外许多大学都引进了网课的学习模式。网课学业有利有弊,学生不需要到固定的教室学习,只需要登录相应的网站研讨线上课程即可。但也正是其便利性,线上课程的数量往往比正常课程多得多。留学生课业深重,时刻名贵,既要学习知识,又要结束多种类型的课堂作业,physics作业代写,物理代写,论文写作等;网课考试很大程度增加了他们的负担。所以,您要是有这方面的困扰,不要犹疑,订购myassignments-help代考渠道的数学代考服务,价格合理,给你前所未有的学习体会。
我们的数学代考服务适用于那些对课程结束没有掌握,或许没有满足的时刻结束网课的同学。高度匹配专业科目,按需结束您的网课考试、数学代写需求。担保买卖支持,100%退款保证,免费赠送Turnitin检测报告。myassignments-help的Math作业代写服务,是你留学路上忠实可靠的小帮手!
经济代写|微观经济学代写Microeconomics代考|LONG RUN VERSUS SHORT RUN
We will study the firm’s cost-minimization problem in the long run and in the short run. Although the terms long run and short run seem to connote a length of time, it is more useful to think of them as pertaining to the degree to which the firm faces constraints in its decision-making flexibility. A firm that makes a long run decision faces a blank slate (i.e., no constraints): Over the long run, it will be able to vary the quantities of all its inputs as much as it desires. When our sporting goods firm in the previous section decides whether to build a new bowling ball factory, it faces a long-run decision. It is free to choose whether to build the factory and, if so, how large to make it. As it does this, it can simultaneously choose other input quantities, such as the size of the workforce and the amount of land for the factory. Because the firm can, in principle, avoid the costs of all inputs by choosing not to build, the costs associated with this long-run decision are necessarily nonsunk.
By contrast, a firm facing a short-run decision is subject to constraints: Over the short run, it will not be able to adjust the quantities of some of its inputs and/or reverse the consequences of past decisions that it has made regarding those inputs. For example, once our bowling ball firm builds a factory, it will, at least for a while, face short-run decisions, such as how many workers it should employ given the physical constraints of its capacity.
In microeconomics, the concept of short run and long run is convenient analytical simplifications to help us focus our attention on the interesting features of the problem at hand. In reality, firms face a continuum of “runs”; some decisions involve “blanker slates” than others. In this section, we first focus on long-run cost minimization in order to study carefully the trade-offs that firms can make in input choices when they start with a blank slate. In the next section, we turn to short-run cost minimization to highlight how constraints on input usage can limit the firm’s ability to minimize costs.
经济代写|微观经济学代写Microeconomics代考|THE LONG-RUN COST-MINIMIZATION PROBLEM
The cost-minimization problem is an example of constrained optimization, first discussed in Chapter 1. We want to minimize the firm’s total costs, subject to the requirement that the firm produce a given amount of output. In Chapter 4, we encountered two other examples of constrained optimization: the problem of maximizing utility subject to a budget constraint (utility maximization) and the problem of minimizing consumption expenditures, subject to achieving a minimum level of utility (expenditure minimization). You will see that the cost-minimization problem closely resembles the expenditure-minimization problem from consumer choice theory.
Let’s study the long-run cost-minimization problem for a firm that uses two inputs: labor and capital. Each input has a price. The price of a unit of labor servicesalso called the wage rate-is $w$. This price per unit of capital services is $r$. The price of labor could be either an explicit cost or an implicit cost. It would be an explicit cost if the firm (as most firms do) hires workers in the open market. It would be an implicit cost if the firm’s owner provides her own labor to run the firm and, in so doing, sacrifices outside employment opportunities. Similarly, the price of capital could either be an explicit cost or an implicit cost. It would be an explicit cost if the firm leased capital services from another firm (e.g., a firm that leases computer time on a server to host its website). It would be an implicit cost if the firm owned the physical capital and, by using it in its own business, sacrificed the opportunity to sell capital services to other firms.
The firm has decided to produce $Q_0$ units of output during the next year. In later chapters, we will study how the firm makes such an output decision. For now, the quantity $Q_0$ is exogenous (e.g., as if the manufacturing manager of the firm has been told how much to produce). The long-run cost-minimization problem facing the manufacturing manager is to figure out how to produce that amount in the cost-minimizing way. Thus, the manager must choose a quantity of capital $K$ and a quantity of labor $L$ that minimize the total cost $T C=w L+r K$ of producing $Q_0$ units of output. This total cost is the sum of all the economic costs the firm incurs when it uses labor and capital services to produce output.

微观经济学代考
经济代写|微观经济学代写Microeconomics代考|LONG RUN VERSUS SHORT RUN
我们将研究企业在长期和短期内的成本最小化问题。尽管长期和短期这两个术语似乎意味着时间的长度,但将它们视为与公司在决策灵活性方面面临约束的程度有关更有用。做出长期决策的公司面临一张白纸(即没有约束):从长远来看,它将能够随心所欲地改变所有投入的数量。当我们在上一节中的体育用品公司决定是否建立一个新的保龄球工厂时,它面临着一个长期决策。可以自由选择是否建造工厂,如果建造的话,建造的规模有多大。在这样做的同时,它可以同时选择其他投入量,例如劳动力规模和工厂用地数量。
相比之下,面临短期决策的公司受到约束:在短期内,它将无法调整其某些投入的数量和/或扭转其过去就这些投入做出的决策的后果输入。例如,一旦我们的保龄球公司建了一家工厂,至少在一段时间内,它将面临短期决策,例如考虑到其产能的物理限制,它应该雇用多少工人。
在微观经济学中,短期和长期的概念是方便的分析简化,可帮助我们将注意力集中在手头问题的有趣特征上。实际上,公司面临着连续不断的“挤兑”;有些决定比其他决定涉及“白板”。在本节中,我们首先关注长期成本最小化,以便仔细研究企业在从白纸开始时可以在投入选择中做出的权衡。在下一节中,我们转向短期成本最小化,以强调对投入使用的限制如何限制公司最小化成本的能力。
经济代写|微观经济学代写Microeconomics代考|THE LONG-RUN COST-MINIMIZATION PROBLEM
成本最小化问题是第 1 章中首次讨论的约束优化问题。我们希望在满足公司生产给定产量的要求的情况下,使公司的总成本最小化。在第 4 章中,我们遇到了另外两个约束优化的例子:在预算约束下最大化效用的问题(效用最大化)和在实现最低效用水平的情况下最小化消费支出的问题(支出最小化)。您会发现成本最小化问题与消费者选择理论中的支出最小化问题非常相似。
让我们研究使用两种投入(劳动力和资本)的公司的长期成本最小化问题。每个输入都有一个价格。一单位劳务的价格也称为工资率——是在. 每单位资本服务的价格是r. 劳动力价格可以是显性成本,也可以是隐性成本。如果公司(像大多数公司那样)在公开市场上雇用工人,这将是一项显性成本。如果公司所有者提供自己的劳动力来经营公司,并且在这样做的过程中牺牲了外部就业机会,这将是隐性成本。同样,资本价格可以是显性成本,也可以是隐性成本。如果公司从另一家公司租赁资本服务(例如,一家公司租用服务器上的计算机时间来托管其网站),这将是一项显性成本。如果公司拥有实物资本并在自己的业务中使用它,从而牺牲了向其他公司出售资本服务的机会,那么这将是隐性成本。
公司决定生产问0下一年的产出单位。在后面的章节中,我们将研究企业如何做出这样的产出决策。目前,数量问0是外生的(例如,好像公司的制造经理已被告知要生产多少)。制造经理面临的长期成本最小化问题是找出如何以成本最小化的方式生产该数量的产品。因此,经理必须选择一定数量的资本钾和一定的劳动量大号使总成本最小化吨C=在大号+r钾生产的问0输出单位。该总成本是企业在使用劳动力和资本服务生产产出时所产生的所有经济成本的总和。

myassignments-help数学代考价格说明
1、客户需提供物理代考的网址,相关账户,以及课程名称,Textbook等相关资料~客服会根据作业数量和持续时间给您定价~使收费透明,让您清楚的知道您的钱花在什么地方。
2、数学代写一般每篇报价约为600—1000rmb,费用根据持续时间、周作业量、成绩要求有所浮动(持续时间越长约便宜、周作业量越多约贵、成绩要求越高越贵),报价后价格觉得合适,可以先付一周的款,我们帮你试做,满意后再继续,遇到Fail全额退款。
3、myassignments-help公司所有MATH作业代写服务支持付半款,全款,周付款,周付款一方面方便大家查阅自己的分数,一方面也方便大家资金周转,注意:每周固定周一时先预付下周的定金,不付定金不予继续做。物理代写一次性付清打9.5折。
Math作业代写、数学代写常见问题
留学生代写覆盖学科?
代写学科覆盖Math数学,经济代写,金融,计算机,生物信息,统计Statistics,Financial Engineering,Mathematical Finance,Quantitative Finance,Management Information Systems,Business Analytics,Data Science等。代写编程语言包括Python代写、Physics作业代写、物理代写、R语言代写、R代写、Matlab代写、C++代做、Java代做等。
数学作业代写会暴露客户的私密信息吗?
我们myassignments-help为了客户的信息泄露,采用的软件都是专业的防追踪的软件,保证安全隐私,绝对保密。您在我们平台订购的任何网课服务以及相关收费标准,都是公开透明,不存在任何针对性收费及差异化服务,我们随时欢迎选购的留学生朋友监督我们的服务,提出Math作业代写、数学代写修改建议。我们保障每一位客户的隐私安全。
留学生代写提供什么服务?
我们提供英语国家如美国、加拿大、英国、澳洲、新西兰、新加坡等华人留学生论文作业代写、物理代写、essay润色精修、课业辅导及网课代修代写、Quiz,Exam协助、期刊论文发表等学术服务,myassignments-help拥有的专业Math作业代写写手皆是精英学识修为精湛;实战经验丰富的学哥学姐!为你解决一切学术烦恼!
物理代考靠谱吗?
靠谱的数学代考听起来简单,但实际上不好甄别。我们能做到的靠谱,是把客户的网课当成自己的网课;把客户的作业当成自己的作业;并将这样的理念传达到全职写手和freelancer的日常培养中,坚决辞退糊弄、不守时、抄袭的写手!这就是我们要做的靠谱!
数学代考下单流程
提早与客服交流,处理你心中的顾虑。操作下单,上传你的数学代考/论文代写要求。专家结束论文,准时交给,在此过程中可与专家随时交流。后续互动批改
付款操作:我们数学代考服务正常多种支付方法,包含paypal,visa,mastercard,支付宝,union pay。下单后与专家直接互动。
售后服务:论文结束后保证完美经过turnitin查看,在线客服全天候在线为您服务。如果你觉得有需求批改的当地能够免费批改,直至您对论文满意为止。如果上交给教师后有需求批改的当地,只需求告诉您的批改要求或教师的comments,专家会据此批改。
保密服务:不需求提供真实的数学代考名字和电话号码,请提供其他牢靠的联系方法。我们有自己的工作准则,不会泄露您的个人信息。
myassignments-help擅长领域包含但不是全部:
myassignments-help服务请添加我们官网的客服或者微信/QQ,我们的服务覆盖:Assignment代写、Business商科代写、CS代考、Economics经济学代写、Essay代写、Finance金融代写、Math数学代写、report代写、R语言代考、Statistics统计学代写、物理代考、作业代写、加拿大代考、加拿大统计代写、北美代写、北美作业代写、北美统计代考、商科Essay代写、商科代考、数学代考、数学代写、数学作业代写、physics作业代写、物理代写、数据分析代写、新西兰代写、澳洲Essay代写、澳洲代写、澳洲作业代写、澳洲统计代写、澳洲金融代写、留学生课业指导、经济代写、统计代写、统计作业代写、美国Essay代写、美国代考、美国数学代写、美国统计代写、英国Essay代写、英国代考、英国作业代写、英国数学代写、英国统计代写、英国金融代写、论文代写、金融代考、金融作业代写。