# CS代写|R语言代写R language代考|NTRES6100

## CS代写|R语言代写R language代考|Scales

Scales give the “translation” or mapping between data values and the aesthetic values to be actually plotted. Mapping a variable to the “color” aesthetic (also recognized when spelled as “colour”) only tells that different values stored in the mapped variable will be represented by different colors. A scale, such as scale_color_continuous(), will determine which color in the plot corresponds to which value in the variable. Scales can also define transformations on the data, which are used when mapping data values to aesthetic values. All continuous scales support transformations-e.g., in the case of $x$ and $y$ aesthetics, positions on the plotting region or viewport will be affected by the transformation, while the original values will be used for tick labels along the axes. Scales are used for all aesthetics, including continuous variables, such as numbers, and categorical ones such as factors. The grammar of graphics allows only one scale per aesthetic and plot. This restriction is imposed by design to avoid ambiguity (e.g., it ensures that the red color will have the same “meaning” in all plot layers where the color aesthetic is mapped to data). Scales have limits with observations falling outside these limits being ignored (replaced by NA) rather than passed to statistics or geometries-it is easy to unintentionally drop observations when setting scale limits manually as warning messages report that NA values have been omitted.

The most frequently used coordinate system when plotting data, the cartesian system, is the default for most geometries. In the cartesian system, $x$ and $y$ are represented as distances on two orthogonal (at $90^{\circ}$ ) axes. Additional coordinate systems are available in ‘ggplot2’ and through extensions. For example, in the polar system of coordinates, the $x$ values are mapped to angles around a central point and $y$ values to the radius. Another example is the ternary system of coordinates, an extension of the grammar implemented in package ‘ggtern’, that allows the construction of ternary plots. Setting limits to a coordinate system changes the region of the plotting space visible in the plot, but does not discard observations. In other words, when using statistics, observations located outside the coordinate limits, i.e., not visible in the rendered plot, will still be included in computations.

## CS代写|R语言代写R language代考|Plot insets

The support for insets in ‘ggplot2’ is confined to annotation_custom() which was designed to be used for static annotations expected to be the same in each panel of a plot (the use of annotations is described in section 7.8). Package ‘ggpmisc’ provides geoms that mimic geom_text $\mathrm{O}$ in relation to the aesthetics used, but that similarly to geom_sf(), expect that the column in data mapped to the 7 abe1 aesthetics are lists of objects containing multiple pieces of information, rather than atomic vectors. Similar to geom_sf() these geoms do not inherit the plot’s default mappings to aesthetics. Three geometries are currently available: geom_table(), geom_plot( ) and geom_grob().

Given that geom_table(), geom_plot() and geom_grob() will rarely use a mapping inherited from the whole plot, by default they do not inherit it. Either the mapping should be supplied as an argument to these functions or their parameter inherit. aes explicitly set to TRUE.

The plotting of tables by mapping a list of data frames to the 1abel aesthetic is done with geom_table. Positioning, justification, and angle work as for geom_text and are applied to the whole table. Only tibble objects (see documentation of package ‘tibble’) can contain, as variables, lists of data frames, so this geometry requires the use of tibble objects to store the data. The table(s) are created as ‘grid’ grob objects, collected in a tree and added to the ggplot object as a new layer.

We first generate a tibble containing summaries from the data, formatted as character strings, wrap this tibble in a list, and store this list as a column in another tibble. To accomplish this, we use functions from the ‘tidyverse’ described in chapter 6.

# R语言代考

## CS代写|R语言代写R language代考|Plot insets

‘ggplot2’ 中对插图的支持仅限于 annotation_custom()，它旨在用于静态注释，预计在绘图的每个面板中都是相同的（注释的使用在第 7.8 节中描述）。包’ggpmisc’提供了模仿geom_text的geoms○关于所使用的美学，但与 geom_sf() 类似，期望映射到 7 abe1 美学的数据列是包含多条信息的对象列表，而不是原子向量。与 geom_sf() 类似，这些几何图形不继承绘图的默认映射到美学。目前提供三种几何图形：geom_table()、geom_plot() 和 geom_grob()。

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