# 风、气泡和爆炸|PHYS5100M01 Winds, Bubbles and Explosions代写 leeds代写

The angular momentum of a particle of mass $m$ moving in a circle of radius $r$ at a speed $v$ in a counterclockwise direction around the $x$ axis of a coordinate system is
$$L=m v r$$
along the direction of the $x$ axis.
The Jeans mass, $M_{\jmath}$ for an unmagnetized medium composed of atomic hydrogen is given by
$$M_{\mathrm{J}}=20 \text { solar masses }\left(\frac{T^{3}}{n}\right)^{1 / 2} \propto \frac{T^{2}}{P^{3 / 2}}$$
where $T$ is given in degrees Kelvin and $n$ is given in terms of the number of hydrogen atoms in a cubic centimeter.

For a supernova remnant of age $t$ in its adiabatic (i.e., constant energy) phase that is expanding into a uniform surrounding medium with a hydrogen ion number density of $n$, the outer radius is given approximately by
$$R_{\mathrm{SNS}}=100 n^{-\frac{y}{s}}\left(\frac{t}{10^{5} \text { years }}\right)^{2 / 5} \text { light years }$$
$n$ is given in number per cubic centimeter. A typical energy for a type II supernova of $10^{44}$ Joules ( $\equiv 10^{51}$ ergs) has been assumed. $R_{\mathrm{SNR}}$ depends on the explosion energy $E$ as
$$R_{\mathrm{SNR}} \propto E^{1 / 3}$$

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